J. J. Gibson (1966) rejected many classical assumptions about perception but retained 1 that dates back to classical antiquity: the assumption of separate senses. We suggest that Gibson's retention of this assumption compromised his novel concept of perceptual systems. We argue that lawful, 1:1 specification of the animal–environment interaction, which is necessary for perception to be direct, cannot exist in individual forms of ambient energy, such as light, or sound. We argue that specification exists exclusively in emergent, higher order patterns that extend across different forms of ambient energy. These emergent, higher order patterns constitute the global array. If specification exists exclusively in the global array, then direct perception cannot be based upon detection of patterns that are confined to individual forms of ambient energy and, therefore, Gibson's argument for the existence of several distinct perceptual systems cannot be correct. We argue that the senses function as a single, irreducible perceptual system that is sensitive exclusively to patterns in the global array. That is, rather than distinct perceptual systems there exists only 1 perceptual system.

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. Gibson's theory is considered a differentiation view of development. In contrast to the view which states that the senses are separate at birth, the differentiation view, articulated by Eleanor J. Gibson, proposes that the senses are all unified at birth and that perceptual development is characterised as a gradual process of.

1. Gibson, The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems (Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Gibson is concerned with the world at the level of ecology, in which animal and environment form an integrated system of mutual constraint. To draw this.
2. Gibson (1966) The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. There can be no anatomical engram in the brain if there was no anatomical image in the retina. The retina jerks about. It has a rapid tremor. It even has a gap in it (the blind spot). It is a scintillation, not an image.

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The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems Gibson Pdf Merge 1